Learn More about Brain Injury
Find information about diagnosing TBI, symptoms, medical tests, and more.
What is a Brain Injury?
Brain Infection
Some infections can cause swelling and inflammation in or around the brain, which can damage brain cells and affect how the brain works.
Brain infections can lead to a brain injury
Some viral or bacterial infections can cause swelling and inflammation in or around the brain. Inflammation and swelling in the brain can damage brain cells and affect how the brain works. In some cases, this can lead to long-term challenges with thinking, memory, movement, or emotions.
Two common conditions caused by brain infections are Meningitis and Encephalitis.
- Meningitis is inflammation of the protective layers around the brain and spinal cord.
- Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself.
Symptoms of a brain infection can start quickly and become serious
Symptoms may come on suddenly or get worse over time. They can look different for each person, but may include:
- Fever and severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or trouble thinking
- Sensitivity to light or sound
- Seizures or loss of consciousness
Getting medical care right away is very important, as symptoms can worsen quickly. Medical professionals may use physical and neurological exams, blood or fluid tests, and/or brain imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, to help confirm infection and guide treatment.
Rehabilitation care can help people regain skills and improve their quality of life
The type of treatment medical professionals use for brain infections depends on the cause and may include medications, supportive care, and hospitalization. Rehabilitation can help people improve movement, communication, and daily living skills. This may include physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. Recovery is different for everyone and may take weeks, months, or longer. While some people will experience disabilities following a brain infection, many people regain skills and live full and healthy lives. Learn more about brain health after a brain injury.
Compassionate answers. Real support. Every step of the way.
Contact the National Brain Injury Information Center at 1-800-444-6443 to speak to a specialist about:
- Help with care needs
- Legal and financial resources
- Services in your community
Learn more about brain injury and check out our educational tools and resources