Brain Injury in Young Children

Young children are at increased risk for brain injury

A child’s brain differs from an adult brain, not only in size, but also in how it works. A child’s brain is growing, changing, and developing as a child ages—generally until age 25. A child’s genetics and life experiences affect the brain’s development and the creation of communication pathways.

Research suggests that a child’s developing brain may be at greater risk for brain injury and a longer recovery. Brain injury signs and symptoms may also look different in young children. For example, a toddler or young child may cry more than usual, while an older child may feel more anxious or have problems concentrating after a brain injury. Additionally, brain injuries may be missed or misdiagnosed among children as symptoms can overlap with other medical conditions, like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Some health effects from a brain injury may not show up right away

As a child grows, it is important to keep track of how they are doing over time. This includes:

• Watching for changes in thinking, behavior, and physical skills
• Understanding common problems linked to the type of injury or treatment they received (such as side effects from chemotherapy)
• Checking that the child is continuing to grow and develop as expected

Thinking and learning problems may become more noticeable when a child starts school and faces more complex tasks. Each child is different, so care and treatment should be tailored to their specific needs, injury, and stage of development.

Children with brain injuries often benefit from both short-term and long-term support. The goal is to help them stay as healthy as possible, improve daily functioning, and support their quality of life as they grow. Support for both the child and family, such as counseling or problem-solving strategies, can also help.

Compassionate answers. Real support. Every step of the way.

Contact the National Brain Injury Information Center at 1-800-444-6443 to speak to a specialist about:

• Help with care needs
• Legal and financial resources
• Services in your community