About Stroke

Learn the basics about stroke and access resources for survivors and caregivers.

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What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when clots, plaque, or other particles block the blood supply to part of the brain, or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. In either case, parts of the brain become damaged or die. A stroke can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.

Signs and Symptoms

The body gives signals when a stroke occurs. F.A.S.T., (developed by the American Stroke Association), is an easy way to remember some of these signals:

Face: Sudden drooping on one side when smiling.
Arms: Difficulty raising both arms, with one drifting downward.
Speech: Slurred or confused speech.
Time: Note when symptoms started and call emergency services immediately.

Other symptoms may include: sudden severe headache, unexpected dizziness or loss of balance, vision problems, and numbness, especially on one side of the body.

Risk Factors

May include:

High blood pressure
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Excessive alcohol consumption
Uncontrolled diabetes
High cholesterol

Treatment and Rehabilitation

Hospital: focus on basic functions and assessments
Ongoing rehabilitation with specialists, such as: physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, physiatrists, neuropsychologists

Health Effects

Three more common health effects that can be seen with stroke include hemiparesis, aphasia, and spasticity. View the topic-specific videos on this page and review the downloadable handouts to learn more about each condition.

Support and Resources

View the video on stroke resources for individuals and families. Contact the National Brain Injury Information Center for individualized information and resources at 1-800-444-6443.