Protecting Athletes: The Link Between Cheerleading and Concussions

By Tracie Bearden, MS, CCC-SLP, CBIST

In sports, the players on the field are the focus point of concussion protocols and head injuries. But why aren’t the athletes cheering them on taken as seriously when an injury hits?

Cheerleading, a sport known for its high-flying stunts and impressive acrobatics, has long been considered a dangerous activity. However, the risks associated with cheerleading often go unnoticed.

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the link between cheerleading and concussions. It is essential to understand the potential dangers these athletes face and the steps to protect them.

A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), can have devastating consequences for cheerleaders. Repetitive impacts, falls, and collisions that occur during practice and performances put these athletes at risk of sustaining head injuries.

The Prevalence of Concussions in Cheerleading

Cheerleading has evolved significantly, transitioning from simple cheers and chants to a highly dynamic sport characterized by complex routines, stunts, and acrobatics. Unfortunately, this evolution has also led to a marked increase in the incidence of concussions among cheerleaders. Approximately 35,000 cheerleading-related injuries, most commonly involving the extremities, are treated in emergency departments each year across the United States. Cheerleading accounts for 65 percent of all catastrophic injuries—defined as severe spinal, spinal cord, or cerebral injuries—occurring in female athletes.

Cheerleaders risk concussions in practice and competitions, especially during stunts. Poor landings can lead to injuries. Statistics show a rise in cheerleading injuries, including concussions, emphasizing the need to treat cheerleading as a sport and to prioritize athlete safety.

Despite the risks, cheerleading remains a beloved sport, fostering teamwork, discipline, and athleticism. However, we cannot overlook the concussion risks. Parents, coaches, and athletes must push for safer cheerleading practices. By acknowledging the statistics and dangers, we can improve safety and protect dedicated athletes.

Understanding the Causes of Concussions in Cheerleading

The causes of concussions in cheerleading can happen for a variety of reasons. Head injuries in cheerleading often result from complex stunts and intricate tumbling routines. Stunting and tumbling are key elements of cheerleading routines; however, they come with risks. For example, a flyer (a person who gets lifted or tossed into the air) lifted by bases (a person who lifts or tosses the flyer) can fall and get hurt. These stunts require careful coordination and communication. Any team’s breakdown can lead to serious injuries.

Another factor is the lack of awareness about spotting techniques. Spotters, who are tasked with preventing flyers from falling, are key to cheerleader safety. However, poor spotting can lead to accidents. Many cheerleaders also lack training to recognize concussions or know when to seek help. This knowledge gap can make them return to cheer too soon, worsening injuries, and increasing long-term damage risk.

Environmental conditions also affect concussion risks. Cheerleading occurs on different surfaces, like gym floors and fields. Each surface has its own hazards. Uneven ground, hard floors, or lack of safety mats increase injury risk.

Signs and Symptoms of Concussions in Cheerleading

Recognizing concussion signs is vital for cheerleader safety. Symptoms differ by person; not everyone shows the same signs after a head injury. Common signs of a concussion can include:

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Memory loss
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Sensitivity to noise or light

Immediate medical evaluation is necessary for any of these symptoms.

Coaches and teammates should watch for unusual behavior in cheerleaders after falls or collisions. Signs like changes in coordination, balance, or performance could indicate a concussion. Similarly, emotional symptoms such as irritability or mood swings may also suggest a head injury. Educating cheerleaders, coaches, and parents about these symptoms can lead to quicker responses and enhance safety in cheerleading teams.

Sometimes, the effects of a head injury don’t appear until days or weeks later, which can make diagnosis and treatment more difficult. Athletes should always report head injuries, even if they feel fine. It’s crucial to talk openly and be aware. This way, cheerleaders can discuss health issues without fear of judgment.

The Long-term Effects of Concussions on Athletes

Concussions can have serious, long-lasting effects on athletes, especially in cheerleading, where head injuries are common. Research shows that multiple concussions can lead to ongoing issues like headaches, trouble thinking, and emotional problems. Moreover, athletes may be at a higher risk for conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disease linked to repeated head injuries.

A major concern is sustaining multiple concussions. Each new concussion can worsen symptoms and extend recovery. Athletes returning too soon risk repeated injuries, leading to lasting damage. The brain needs time to heal. Rushing back to cheerleading can impact future health and performance.

Concussions can also have serious psychological effects. Athletes may face anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues after injuries. The pressure to perform and the fear of getting hurt again can make these problems worse. Cheerleading programs need to focus on mental health support as much as physical healing. By tackling both aspects, we can better help athletes and improve the sports environment.

Preventive Measures for Reducing the Risk of Concussions in Cheerleading

Preventive measures are vital to reduce concussion risks in cheerleading. Key strategies include establishing safety protocols and conducting regular training for coaches, athletes, and parents. These sessions should cover spotting, stunting, and equipment use.

Moreover, teams need certified coaches focused on safety. Coaches must know concussion protocols and injury prevention. They should create an environment where athletes can discuss injuries without fear. This approach leads to quicker injury identification and promotes a safety culture. The U.S. All Star Federation, the American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators, and the National Federation of State High School Associations all offer coach certification and credentialing programs, ensuring coaches have the necessary knowledge to keep cheerleaders safe.

Proper Training and Technique for Safe Cheerleading

Cheerleading training is crucial for safety. Athletes need to learn stunts, tumbling, and choreography. Coaches should guide and demonstrate the right techniques and teamwork. Regular drills help maintain proper form and reduce accident risks.

Progressive skill development is also key. Athletes should master the basics before moving to advanced stunts. This builds strength, coordination, and confidence. Coaches must assess readiness for complex stunts to ensure safety.

Safety Equipment and Protocols in Cheerleading

The use of safety equipment and adherence to safety protocols play a vital role in protecting cheerleaders from injuries, including concussions. Safety mats, for example, are essential for cushioning falls during stunts and tumbles. The American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators (AACCA) provides safety guidelines and review standards with USA Cheer to reduce the risk of catastrophic injuries in cheerleading. These include skills and surface restrictions, as well as requiring additional spotters.

Coaches must ensure mats are safe and well-placed to prevent injuries. Cheer teams should consider helmets for risky stunts, especially for young athletes and during training. Emergency protocols are vital. Every team should have a plan for injuries, particularly concussions. This plan needs immediate medical access and guidelines for managing concussions. Coaches and athletes must understand the importance of reporting injuries and the recovery process.

Regular checks of equipment and facilities are essential. These should meet safety standards. Hazards like uneven surfaces must be fixed promptly. By prioritizing safety and having clear protocols, cheer programs can create a safer environment. This allows athletes to focus on performance without injury concerns.

Concussion Management and Rehabilitation for Cheerleaders

Managing concussions well is crucial for cheerleaders. It prevents long-term head injury effects. If a concussion is suspected, the athlete must leave practice or a game. Then, a medical professional should evaluate them. Quick assessments help determine injury severity and treatment. Coaches and teammates need training to spot symptoms and report them.

Rehabilitation should match the athlete’s symptoms and recovery. A team of professionals, including doctors, therapists, and psychologists, can offer the best support. Athletes should only return to play when symptom-free and cleared by a doctor.

Emotional support is just as vital. Many athletes fear re-injury, which can delay their return. Counseling and support groups can help them regain confidence. Addressing both physical and mental health creates a supportive cheerleading environment.

Safety in cheerleading is key to preventing concussions and other injuries. Raising awareness about concussions fosters a safety-first culture. Coaches, parents, and athletes must work together. They should ensure proper training, equipment, and emergency plans.

Education is critical. Training on recognizing and managing concussions helps everyone make safe decisions. It’s essential to create an environment where athletes feel safe reporting injuries and seeking help. This prevents long-term concussion issues.